Communication breaking device and method thereof

ABSTRACT

An inverted-code generator  41  inverts the PN code sequence into an inverted code sequence. The inverted code sequence is transmitted. The inverted code sequence, which is transmitted as a communication breaking wave, is formed into a code sequence in the form if inversion of a pilot signal conforming to CDMA system. Moreover, the phase of the inverted code sequence has been advanced. Therefore, the pilot signal, which is being propagated, can appropriately be compensated with the advanced inverted code sequence. Thus, a fact can be recognized by a portable telephone that the portable telephone is deviated from a communication area for the base station.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a communication breaking device forbreaking communication of a communication apparatus for modulating ordemodulating information about the contents of communication by using acode sequence and to a communication breaking method, and moreparticularly to a communication breaking device and a communicationbreaking method capable of satisfactorily breaking communication in, forexample, a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) method.

2. Related Art

In recent years, portable telephones and PHS (hereinafter collectivelycalled “portable telephones”) have rapidly and widely been used.Therefore, users of the mobile communication have been increased. Henceit follows that use of the telephone is permitted anywhere at any time.Therefore, great convenience is afforded. On the other hand, a varietyof social problems, however, arise. For example, discourteous use, suchas telephone conversion at a seat of the New Trunk Line, calling soundin a concert and problems of electronic medical apparatuses caused fromuse in a medical site, cause to troubles to erupt.

To prevent the foregoing troubles, the place in which the portabletelephone is used is limited, a call to turn the power source off isissued if necessary or carry of the portable telephone is checked.However, an effective measure has not been taken. Therefore, anapparatus adaptable to the portable telephone which employs the TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access) has been marketed. The apparatustransmits a pseudo burst signal over a wide frequency range to interruptcommunication and break conversation.

The apparatus for transmitting the pseudo burst signal to breakcommunication, however, suffers from a problem in that communicationcannot effectively be broken in only a small range of several meters.The next-generation portable telephone employs CDMA (Code DivisionMultiple Access) adapted to a spectrum diffusion technique. Therefore,there arises a problem in that noise resistance is excessively high tointerrupt and break communication by using the simple pseudo burstsignal as compared with the portable telephone adapted to the TDMAsystem.

In view of the foregoing, an object of the present invention is toprovide a communication breaking device and a communication breakingmethod capable of maintaining a communication breaking space for acommunication apparatus which modulates or demodulates information aboutthe contents of communication by using a code sequence.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order to accomplish the said object, a communication breaking devicefor breaking communication of a communication apparatus which modulatesor demodulates information about contents of the communication with apredetermined code sequence, said communication breaking deviceaccording to the present invention comprising:

code sequence extracting means which is capable of extracting thepredetermined code sequence from a received incoming wave;

code sequence inverting means which is capable of inverting the codesequence extracted by said code sequence extracting means into aninverted code sequence;

phase control means which is capable of advancing the phase of theextracted code sequence or that of the inverted code sequence; and

breaking-wave transmitting means for transmitting the inverted codesequence having the advanced phase as a communication breaking wave.

According to the present invention, a code sequence extracted by a codesequence extracting means is inverted into an inverted code sequence bya code sequence inverting means. A phase control means advances thephase of the inverted code sequence. As an alternative to this, thephase of the extracted code sequence is advanced by the phase controlmeans. The extracted code sequence is inverted into an inverted codesequence by a code sequence inverting means. The advanced inverted codesequence is, as communication breaking wave, transmitted from abreaking-wave transmitting means. Thus, the inverted code sequence,which is transmitted as the communication breaking wave, is formed intoa code sequence inverted from a predetermined code sequence obtained bymodulating information about the contents of the communication.Moreover,the phase of the inverted code sequence has been advanced.Therefore, the predetermined code sequence, which is being propagated,can appropriately be compensated with substantially no delay of thephase owning to the advanced inverted code sequence. That is, the codesequence is compensated. Therefore, information cannot be demodulated.Hence it follows that the communication can reliably be broken.

In accordance with the more preferred teaching of the present invention,the advancement is performed by said phase control means in a quantitycorresponding to at least one code of the extracted code sequence or theinverted code sequence.

In accordance with the more preferred teaching of the present invention,the advancement is performed by the phase control means in a quantitycorresponding to at least one code of the extracted code sequence or theinverted code sequence. Therefore, the inverted code sequence can betransmitted previously for a time corresponding to the one code. If thephase is delayed owning to signal processes which are performed by thecode sequence extracting means, the code sequence inverting means, thephase control means and the breaking-wave transmitting means, aninfluence of the delay can be eliminated in the foregoing period oftime.

In accordance with the more preferred teaching of the present invention,said breaking-wave transmitting means incorporates electric-poweramplifying means which is capable of arbitrarily control anamplification gain.

In accordance with the more preferred teaching of the present invention,the breaking-wave transmitting means incorporates electric-poweramplifying means which is capable of arbitrarily control anamplification gain. Therefore, deviation of the phase can becomplemented by converting change in the phase occurring due to variousfactors into electric power. Hence it follows that deviation of thephase which is changed randomly can be absorbed.

In accordance with the more preferred teaching of the present invention,said breaking-wave transmitting means intermittently transmits thecommunication breaking wave.

In accordance with the more preferred teaching of the present invention,the breaking-wave transmitting means intermittently transmits thecommunication breaking wave. Therefore, a period of time in whichtransmission of the communication breaking wave is interrupted can becreated. As a result, a fact that the communication breaking devicecannot extract the predetermined code sequence from the receivedincoming wave owning to the communication breaking wave transmitted fromthe communication breaking device can be prevented in the foregoingperiod of time in which the transmission is interrupted. Therefore, evenafter the predetermined code sequence has temporarily been extractedfrom the received incoming wave, the predetermined code sequence canagain be extracted during the foregoing interruption period of time.

In accordance with the more preferred teaching of the present invention,the incoming waves are transmitted from a plurality of the communicationapparatuses.

In accordance with the more preferred teaching of the present invention,the incoming waves are transmitted from a plurality of the communicationapparatuses. Therefore, the advanced inverted code sequences are, ascommunication breaking waves corresponding to the plural communicationapparatuses, transmitted from the breaking-wave transmitting means. As aresult, the predetermined code sequences which are transmitted from theplural communication apparatuses can appropriately be compensated withthe inverted code sequences corresponding to the plural communicationapparatuses with substantially no delay of the phase.

In order to accomplish the said object, a communication breaking methodadapted to a communication method which modulates or demodulatesinformation about contents of communication with a predetermined codesequence, said communication breaking method according to the presentinvention comprising the step of: compensating the code sequence in anincoming wave by transmitting a communication breaking wave.

A communication breaking method adapted to a communication method whichmodulates or demodulates information about contents of communicationwith a predetermined code sequence, the communication breaking methodaccording to the present invention comprising the step of: compensatingthe code sequence in an incoming wave by transmitting a communicationbreaking wave.

As the communication breaking wave, an inverted code sequence having anadvanced phase is employed. The inverted code sequence is generated suchthat an incoming wave is received by the communication breaking device,followed by extracting a predetermined code sequence in the incomingwave, and followed by advancing the phase of the extracted code sequenceafter which the phase if inverted. As an alternative to this, theextracted code sequence is inverted, followed by advancing the phase. Itis preferable that the advancement corresponds to at least one code ofthe inverted code sequence. The reason for this lies in that aninfluence of undesirable delay of the signal process can be eliminatedin the foregoing period of time. When the communication breaking wave istransmitted, deviation of the phase may be complemented by convertingthe change in the phase into electric power. It is preferable that thecommunication breaking waves are intermittently transmitted. The reasonfor this lies in that the predetermined code sequence can be extractedin the period of time in which the transmission of the communicationbreaking wave is interrupted. The incoming waves are transmitted fromthe plural communication apparatuses. Therefore, advanced inverted codesequences for use as the communication breaking waves corresponding tothe plural communication apparatuses are transmitted. Hence it followsthat the predetermined code sequences transmitted from the pluralcommunication apparatuses can appropriately be compensated without delaywith the inverted code sequences corresponding to the pluralcommunication apparatuses.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the structure of a communicationbreaking device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an outline of generation of a PN codesequence;

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the concept of communication breakingperformed by the communication breaking device according to theembodiment;

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a communication breaking area created byusing a propagation loss;

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a communication breaking area created byusing a code correlation loss;

FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the structure of an experimental system forbreaking communication which is performed by the communication breakingdevice according to the embodiment; and

FIG. 7 is a characteristic graph showing the relationship between DUratios and error ratios.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments of a communication breaking device and a communicationbreaking method according to the present invention will now be describedwith reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.

To make clear the characteristics of the communication breaking deviceaccording to the present invention, an example of the structure of apilot signal for use in CDMA system, the communication of which isbroken by the communication breaking device according to the presentinvention, will now be described with reference to FIG. 2.

The pilot signal, which will now be described, is transmitted through apilot channel conforming to IS-95 Qualcomm, U.S.A. so as to be used tocause a portable telephone to determine whether or not the portabletelephone is located in a communication area from a base station.

As shown in FIG. 2, the pilot signal is generated by a PN (PseudorandomNoise) code generator. The PN code generator incorporates n shiftregisters arranged as illustrated and feedback taps. To facilitate thedescription, a structure having three shift registers is illustrated.That is, the feedback tap extended from the first shift register (bit 1)and the third shift register (bit 3) is used to calculate an exclusiveOR. A result of the calculation is returned to the first shift register(bit 1). Then, a sequential process for shifting each result to theupper shift register is performed. Hence it follows that a PN codesequence consisting of K1 to K7 and structured as shown in FIG. 2 isgenerated. The pilot signal including the foregoing PN code sequence is,as a pilot channel, transmitted from the base station to the portabletelephone.

Also the pilot signal, which is transmitted from the base station as thepilot channel, is used to determine whether or not the portabletelephone is located in the communication area of the base station bydetermining whether or not the portable telephone is able to recognizethe foregoing signal. Therefore, break of the pilot signal transmittedfrom the base station inhibits the portable telephone to recognize thepilot signal if the portable telephone is located in the communicationarea. Therefore, the portable telephone is able to recognize a fact thatthe portable telephone is not located in the communication area of thebase station, that is, a fact that the portable telephone is deviatedfrom the communication area.

As a simplest structure for compensating and breaking the pilot signal,it might therefore be considered feasible to employ a structureincorporating an inverting amplifier which inverts the pilot signalreceived at an intermediate position of the propagation passage so as toagain transmit the pilot signal. The foregoing apparatus, however,encounters exertion of an influence of a delay characteristic of ahigh-frequency amplifier for use in the inverting amplifier. Thus, thepilot signal cannot be compensated with a satisfactory accuracy. Toreliably compensate the pilot signal, electric waves must be generatedwith electric power larger than that required to generate the pilotsignal. Therefore, present regulatory constraints, such as theelectric-wave law, inhibits satisfactory break of the communication. Thereceived wave propagated as described above is usually deformed owningto noise and distortion of the signal occurring in the propagationpassage. Therefore, a fact has been known that amplification of thedistorted signal deteriorates the efficiency.

To overcome the above-mentioned plural problems, the communicationbreaking device and the communication breaking method according to thepresent invention employ the following structure. Thus, breaking ofcommunication is realized such that a communication breaking space ismaintained for the CDMA portable telephone.

As shown in FIG. 1, a communication breaking device 20 mainlyincorporates a receiving antenna 21, a wide-range amplifier 22, amultiplier 24, a wide-range amplifier 26, a bandpass filter (hereinaftercalled a “BPF”) 28, a carrier-wave detector 32, a divider 34, asynchronization trapping unit 36, a PN-code generator 38, a delaycorrecting unit 40, an inverted-code generator 41, a multiplier 42, anelectric-power amplifier 44 and a transmitting antenna 47.

An incoming wave received by the receiving antenna 21 is amplified bythe wide-range amplifier 22 having a predetermined gain, and theninversely diffused by the PN code sequence generated by the PN-codegenerator 38, to be described later, and the multiplier 24. A primarilymodulated signal which has inversely be diffused, is again amplified bythe wide-range amplifier 26 having a predetermined gain. Then, thesignal is allowed to pass through the BPF 28 so that a carrier signal inwhich data has been superimposed is extracted. The extracted carrierwave is divided to realize a predetermined ratio by the carrier-wavedetector 32 and the divider 34. Moreover, the synchronization trappingunit 36 traps synchronization. Thus, a code clock can be obtained. Theobtained code clock causes the PN-code generator 38 to generate apredetermined PN code. Then, PN code sequence is supplied to themultiplier 24 for performing inverse diffusion. Also the PN codesequence is supplied to the delay correcting unit 40 disposed in therear of the PN-code generator 38.

The PN code sequence, which is supplied to the delay correcting unit 40,has been subjected to a process for advancing its phase as describedlater. Therefore, the phase of the PN code sequence has been advanced ascompared with the phase of the PN code sequence, which is supplied tothe multiplier 24, in a quantity corresponding to predetermined bits.The PN code sequence, which has been supplied as described above and,the phase of which has been advanced, is subjected to a proper delaycorrection by the delay correcting unit 40. Then, the PN code sequenceis, by the inverted-code generator 41, inverted into an inverted codesequence having an inverted signal level. The carrier wave extractedpreviously is, by the multiplier 42, diffusion-modulated with theinverted code sequence. Thus, a communication breaking wave, which isthe pilot signal having the inverted sign, is generated. Thecommunication breaking wave amplified to predetermined electric power bythe electric-power amplifier 44 is transmitted through the transmittingantenna 47. As described later, the electric power of the electric-poweramplifier 44 is controlled (by −35 dB) with, for example, voltage.Therefore, furthermore effective communication break can be performed.

The PN code sequence which is supplied from the PN-code generator 38 tothe multiplier 24 and the delay correcting unit 40 will be describedagain referring to FIG. 2.

The PN-code generator 38 is composed of 127 shift registers arranged asillustrated and feedback taps and structured similarly to the structureof the PN-code generator of the base station. As a result, a PN codesequence similar to the PN code sequence transmitted from the basestation can be obtained. Therefore, the multiplier 24 performs inversediffusion with the PN code sequence having a length of 127 bits.

On the other hand, the phase of the PN code sequence, which is suppliedto the delay correcting unit 40, is advanced in a quantity correspondingto the predetermined bits as compared with the phase of the PN codesequence which is supplied to the multiplier 24. That is, the PN codesequence which is advanced by one bit as compared with the PN codesequence which is supplied to the multiplier 24, is supplied to a tapdisposed before the 127-th shift register by one bit. That is, the PNcode sequence is supplied from the 126-th shift register to the delaycorrecting unit 40. As a result, the PN code sequence having the phaseadvanced by one bit is supplied to the delay correcting unit 40. As aresult, an inverted code sequence factoring in a delay time caused fromthe signal process, which is performed in the communication breakingdevice 20, can be generated. The reason why the phase is, by the PN-codegenerator 38, advanced by one bit will now be described. Since deviationcorresponding to one bit of the PN code in the case of the IS-95 system(code velocity: 1.228 MHz) corresponds to about 244 m in distance terms,a larger deviation in the distance of the portable telephone isconsidered very rare. In this embodiment, the PN code sequence issupplied from the tap (the 126-th shift register) disposed one bitbefore the 127-th shift register to the delay correcting unit 40. In acase of a higher code velocity, a tap may be extended from a shiftregister disposed two bits before (the 125-th shift register) or thatdisposed three bits before (the 124-th shift register) to supply the PNcode sequence to the delay correcting unit 40.

The delay correcting unit 40, which receives the PN code sequence havingthe phase advanced by one bit, performs further accurate delaycorrection. Thus, an inverted code sequence, the delay of which hasappropriately been compensated, can be obtained by the inverted-codegenerator 41. If the phase is excessively advanced owning to extractionof the PN code sequence from the tap before the shift registerconstituting the PN-code generator 38 by one bit, the delay correctingunit 40 delays the phase. Thus, accurate adjustment of the phase can beperformed. As a result, the delay of the inverted train obtained fromthe inverted-code generator 41 has appropriately been compensated. Notethat the delay correcting unit 40 constitutes a variety of delayelements including delay lines and D-type flip flops so as to be capableof controlling the delay time.

The control of electric power which is performed by the electric-poweramplifier 44 of the communication breaking device 20 will now bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5.

As shown in FIG. 3, the intensity of the pilot signal which is receivedby the portable telephone and that of the communication breaking signaltransmitted from the communication breaking device 20 are variedaccording to distance L (a direct distance) from a base station 70 and adistance (an indirect distance) from the communication breaking device20. A case will now be considered in which the communication breakingsignal is transmitted with the electric power which is the same as theelectric power for transmitting the pilot signal from the base station70 to the communication breaking device 20. In this case, thecommunication breaking signal is supplied to the portable telephone withelectric power reduced to correspond to attenuation in the electric wavein a quantity corresponding to the difference (the difference in thedistance) between the direct distance and the indirect distance.Moreover, the difference in the distance varies among the positions in acommunication breaking area 91. Therefore, electric power correspondingto the difference in the distance must be supplied to break thecommunication at a specific location. Moreover, deviation in the phaseof the PN code sequence corresponding to the difference in the distancetakes place. Therefore, the correlation of the PN code sequence isundesirably lowered.

When the deviation (time) of the phase corresponding to one bit of thePN code is considered as the wavelength of the PN code which is a valueconverted into the distance, difference in the distance larger than ahalf wave of the PN code inhibits easy application. If a communicationbreaking signal having an excessively intensity is transmitted, theportable telephone undesirably synchronized with the pilot signal havingthe inverted sign. Thus, error recognition occurs such that the portabletelephone is located in the communication area. Moreover, there isapprehension that an adverse influence is exerted on the areas exceptfor the required communication breaking space. The present electric-wavelaw inhibits transmission of a communication breaking signal havingelectric power larger than so-called weak electric power (about −66.5dBm). Therefore, the electric power of the communication breaking device20 must be controlled in such a manner that a largest communicationbreaking space is maintained with minimum electric power smaller thanthe weak electric power. Hence it follows that the following evaluationsare performed so that the communication breaking device 20 employs themost effective control of electric power.

The propagation loss of an electric wave in an estimated case of asimplest state can be obtained by the following formula (1) forobtaining a free-space propagation loss:

[Numerical Formula 1]Propagation Loss [dB]=20.log10(distance [mile])+20.log10(frequency[MHz])+37  (1)

The foregoing formula is used to obtain a distance for which the pilotsignal transmitted from the standard IS-95 base station with electricpower of about 1 W (+30 dBm) is attenuated to the weak electric power(about −66.5 dBm). Thus, a result of about 1724 m is obtained. Assumingthat the communication breaking signal transmitted from thecommunication breaking device 20 with the weak electric power iscompensated with the incoming wave having the same electric power, thecommunication breaking space is limited to the portion along the X axison which no difference in the distance is caused (see FIG. 3). Inactual, compensation is permitted with smaller electric powercorresponding to the gain of the communication breaking device 20. Afact is known that the communication breaking space which can bemaintained with the weak electric power is reduced when the distancefrom the base station 70 to the communication breaking device 20 is ashort distance.

A 100m×100m room 90 in the form as shown in FIG. 4 is considered. Acommunication breaking area, which can be maintained with the weakelectric power, is obtained for each distance L from the base station 70to the communication breaking device 20 on the extension of center lineX of the room 90. When the distance L is 500 m, 1 km and 5 km,respectively, communication breaking areas are expressed by referencenumeral 92 a, 92 b and 92 c, respectively. Maximum values of the lossesfor the corresponding distances L are 29.0 dBm (500 m), 30.3 dBm (1 km)and 34.2 dBm (5 km). Note that the foregoing values are values factoringin the gain (+6.3 dB) of the communication breaking device 20 to bedescribed later.

When the loss corresponding to lowering of the correlation of the PNcode sequence caused from the deviation of the phase corresponding tothe difference in the distance is added to the value shown in FIG. 4 asexpressed by numerical formula (2), each communication breaking area isreduced as shown in FIG. 5.

[Numerical Formula 2]Correlation Loss [dB]=20.log10(1−(difference in distance [m]/halfwavelength of code [m])  (2)

A communication breaking area in the 100 m×100 m room 90, which can bemaintained with the weak electric power, is obtained for each distance Lfrom the base station 70 to the communication breaking device 20 on theextension of center line X of the room 90. When the distance L is 500 m,1 km and 5 km, respectively, communication breaking areas are expressedby reference numeral 93 a, 93 b and 93 c, respectively. Maximum valuesof the losses for the corresponding distances L are 29.2 dBm (500 m),30.8 dBm (1 km) and 37.7 dBm (5 km).

In accordance with the maximum values of the losses for thecorresponding distances L shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a fact can beunderstood that the differences in the losses in the communicationbreaking areas are enlarged in spite of larger communication breakingareas which can be maintained as the distance L from the

base station 70 is elongated. Therefore, electric power must be enlargedor reduced to cover the overall area. In accordance with FIG. 4 based onnumerical formula (1) and FIG. 5 based on numerical formula (2), thedifference in the loss at a position distant from the base station 70for a distance of 5 km is about 35 dB (34.2 dBm in accordance with FIG.4 and 37.7 dBm in accordance with FIG. 5). Therefore, a fact can beunderstood that change in the electric power of the communicationbreaking wave in a range of −35 dB is an effective method. Thus, thisembodiment has a structure that the electric-power amplifier 44 shown inFIG. 1 is arranged to control the gain of electric power with thevoltage so as to control electric power with voltage which isperiodically (for example, 100 Hz) changed. As a result, thecommunication can be broken several times during the time for theportable telephone in which the synchronization is trapped. The distanceL from the base station 70 may be estimated in accordance with theelectric power of the incoming wave so as to determine the foregoingrange of electric power.

An experimental model of the communication breaking device 20 wasprototyped to perform experiments. Results will now be described withreference to FIGS. 6 and 7. The prototyped communication breaking device20 had a specification having a frequency band of 800 MHz conforming toIS-95. As a matter of course, the communication breaking device 20according to this embodiment may be applied to another frequency band,for example, a 2 GHz band. Table 1 shows main specifications.

TABLE 1 Modulating Method direct diffusion method (BPSK) Diffusion CodePN code having a length of 127 bits (m systems) Width of Diffusion Band1.25 Frequency of Carrier Wave band of 800 MHz Demodulating Methodsynchronous wave-detecting method Intermediate Frequency of ReceivingPortion 10.7 MHz Method of Trapping Frequency Colpitts type

To compare the performance of the communication breaking device 20, ahigh-frequency amplifier was used to operate a structure (which wascalled an “inverting amplifier”) which simply inverted and amplified anincoming wave so as to again transmit the same. Moreover, an influenceof external noise was factored in. Thus, experiments of a cablestructure which was free from a considerable influence of external noiseand with which stable results were obtained and a wireless structureclose to a practical structure were performed so as to evaluate theresults. In both of the experiments, DU ratio was obtained in accordancewith electric power of the input portion of the receiver (the portabletelephone) allowed to pass through the BPF by using the followingequation (3). The BPF of the input portion was a BPF set to have acentral frequency which was the same as the frequency of the carrierwave. That is, the central frequency was in a band width of 2 MHz in theband of 800 MHz. As an alternative to this, the BPF has a band passattenuation of 3 dB or 4 dB when the code sequence was 10 MHz.

[Numerical Formula 3]DU ratio [dB]=10.log10(electric power of breaking wave [W]/electricpower of incoming wave [W])  (3)

The wireless experimental system was measured by the structure shown inFIG. 6. The cable experimental system was structured such that electricwave portions (the pilot wave signal and communication breaking wave)indicated with dashed lines were connected by using cables. Thus, theincoming waves and the communication breaking wave were supplied andmixed. Moreover, a ratio of errors of the pilot signal occurring in thereceiver 81 was measured by an error-ratio measuring unit 84.

The DU ratio required for each of the communication breaking device 20and the inverting amplifier to compensate (to about an error ratio of0.5) the pilot signal obtained by experiments was measured. Results wereshown in Table 2. As expressed by equation (3), the DU ratio was madesuch that the electric power of the incoming waves was larger than thatof the communication breaking wave in a negative state. In a positivestate, the electric power of the communication breaking wave was largerthan that of the electric power of the incoming wave. In accordance withresults of the experiments shown in Table 2, the communication breakingdevice 20 was able to break the communication with electric power weakerby about 12 dB as compared with the inverting amplifier. That is, thecommunication breaking space was maintained in both of the diffusionband widths. Assuming that the difference in the gain was caused fromdelay of the phase occurring in the inverting amplifier, a fact can beunderstood that the delay was a delay corresponding to two to threewavelengths (2.4 μS to 1.6 μS) of the PN code sequence when theforegoing equation (2) was inversely applied. Another fact was confirmedthat the communication breaking space was maintained with electric powerwhich was weaker than that of the incoming wave by 6.3 dB to 4.7 dB.

TABLE 2 Width of Diffusion Band 1.25 MHz 10.0 MHz Communication BreakingDevice (Present −6.3 dB −4.7 dB Invention) Inverting Amplifier +5.9 dB+8.7 dB

The performance was reduced by about 1.6 dB in the case where the widthof the diffusion band was 10 MHz as compared with the case in which thewidth of the diffusion band was 1.25 MHz as shown in Table 2. The reasonfor this lay in that the accuracy of the communication breaking device20 for trapping the synchronization deteriorated as the velocity of thePN code was raised. That is, the reason for this lay in that thevelocity of the PN code approached the highest operation frequency ofthe semiconductor which constituted the synchronization trapping unit36. Therefore, when the synchronization trapping unit 36 is constitutedby a semiconductor or the like (for example, a semiconductor made ofgallium arsenide) which is able to operate at high speed, thedeterioration in the performance can be prevented.

Then, the experiments about the wireless structure were performed suchthat the transmitter 71, the communication breaking device 20 and thereceiver 81 were disposed on a straight line at intervals of 3 m. Theoperation was evaluated in the range of the weak electric wave. Directpropagation in a free space in a 5 m×10 m wave dark box was assumed. Ahorizontal half-wavelength dipole antenna (the transmitter antenna 72,the receiving antenna 21, the transmitting antenna 47 and the receiverantenna 82) was used to perform measurement. The experiment of thewireless system was performed such that the communication breakingdevice 20 shown in FIG. 6 was moved to the transmitter 71 or thereceiver 81 to change the distance between the communication breakingdevice 20 and the receiver 81. While the DU ratio was being varied, theerror-ratio measuring unit 84 was used to measure the ratio of errorsoccurring in the receiver 81. The inverting amplifier was tested suchthat the inverting amplifier was substituted for the communicationbreaking device 20. Then, the distance between the inverting amplifierand the receiver 81 was changed to vary the DU ratio. Thus, a ratio oferror occurring the receiver 81 was measured by the error-ratiomeasuring unit 84. To prevent a fact that the communication breakingwave of the communication breaking device 20 did not break trapping ofthe synchronization of the communication breaking device 20, trapping ofthe synchronization of the incoming wave was performed only when thebreaking was started. No trapping of the synchronization was performedafterwards.

The relationship between the DU ratio and the error ratio observed inthe experiments about the wireless structure is shown in FIG. 7. Thecharacteristic graph shown in FIG. 7 is formed such that resultsrealized in a case where control of electric power was performed by theelectric-power amplifier 44 of the communication breaking device 20 wereplotted with black circles, those realized in a case where control ofelectric power was not performed by the electric-power amplifier 44 ofthe communication breaking device 20 were plotted with white circles andthose realized by the inverting amplifier were plotted with whitesquares.

Assuming that the pilot signal is broken when the error ratio was 0.1 orhigher, the communication can be broken with electric power which isweaker than that for the inverting amplifier by about 10 dB, that is,the communication breaking space can be maintained in accordance withthe relationship obtained from the foregoing experiments. Theexperiments of the wireless structure were resulted in similarcharacteristics to those realized in the experiment about the cablestructure in spite of deterioration in the overall performance by about4 dB owning to an influence of spatial noise and the like.

Interference of the communication of the communication breaking device20 was performed with the same mean electric power (the DU ratio). Inthis case, the structures (plotted with black circles) in which theelectric power was controlled by the communication breaking device 20were able to break the communication with electric power which wasweaker by about 2 dB. The values indicated a result of a comparison madewith the structures (plotted with white circles) in which no control ofthe electric power was performed by the communication breaking device20. It can be considered that the reason for this lies in that asomewhat gain is obtained owning to an influence exerted when theelectric power was changed.

As can be understood from FIG. 7, omission of the control of theelectric power resulted in deterioration in the error ratio as the DUratio was lowered. On the other hand, the error ratio realized in thecase where the electric power was controlled was relatively stable.Therefore, a fact was confirmed that control of the electric powerstably enlarged the region, in which error ratios were lower than 0.1.Thus, breaking of communication was realized even in a wide area.

When the electric power is controlled such that communication breakingwave is intermittently transmitted, a period in which transmission ofthe communication breaking wave from the communication breaking device20 is interrupted can be created. Therefore, the communication breakingwave of the communication breaking device 20 does not interrupt trappingof the synchronization of the communication breaking device 20 in theforegoing period in which the transmission of the communication breakingwave is interrupted. As a result, the necessity of employing asynchronizing sequence can be eliminated in which the synchronization ofthe incoming wave is performed only at the start of breaking andfollowing trapping of the synchronization is not performed afterwards.In the foregoing period of interruption, the synchronization of theincoming wave can again be trapped. Therefore, if the communicationbreaking device 20 is moved, trapping of the synchronization of theincoming wave can sequentially be performed. As a result, the invertedcode sequence corresponding to the place to which the communicationbreaking device 20 has been moved enables the pilot signal to properlybe compensated with substantially no delay of the phase.

As described above, the communication breaking device 20 according tothis embodiment incorporates the receiving antenna 21, the wide-rangeamplifier 22, the multiplier 24, the wide-range amplifier 26, the BPF28, the carrier-wave detector 32, the divider 34, the synchronizationtrapping unit 36 and the PN-code generator 38. The phase of the PN codesequence extracted by the foregoing units is advanced by the PN-codegenerator 38 and the delay correcting unit 40. Then, the PN codesequence is, by the inverted-code generator 41, inverted to the invertedcode sequence. The inverted code sequence which serves as thecommunication breaking wave and, the phase of which has been advanced,is transmitted by the multiplier 42, the electric-power amplifier 44 andthe transmitting antenna 47. As a result, the inverted code sequence,which is transmitted as the communication breaking wave, is formed intothe code sequence inverted from the pilot signal which is transmittedthrough the pilot channel conforming to the CDMA system. Since theinverted code sequence has the advanced phase, the pilot signal which isbeing propagated can appropriately be compensated with substantially nodelay of the phase. Therefore, the portable telephone conforming to theCDMA system is able to recognize the location at which the pilot signaltransmitted from the base station through the pilot channel cannot bereceived. That is, the location is a position deviated from thecommunication area from the base station. Hence it follows that aneffect can be obtained in that the range in which the portable telephoneconforming to the CDMA system cannot perform communication, that is, thecommunication breaking space, can be maintained.

In the communication breaking device 20 according to this embodiment,the electric-power amplifier 44 for transmitting the inverted codesequence as the communication breaking wave is controlled to reduce theelectric power by −35 dB at predetermined periods (for example, 100 Hz).Therefore, deviation of the phase can be complemented by converting thechange in the phase caused from a variety of factors into electricpower. Thus, the communication breaking device 20 is adaptable todeviation of the phase which is changed randomly. If the propagationpassage is complicated such that the indirect passage is included inaddition to the direct passage, adaptation to the caused change in thephase is enabled. Thus, the pilot signal which is being propagated andwhich conforms to the CDMA system can appropriately be compensated withsubstantially no delay of the phase. As a result, the portable telephoneconforming to the CDMA system cannot receive the pilot signaltransmitted from the base station through the pilot channel if thepropagation passage has been complicated. Therefore, the portabletelephone is able to recognize that the location is deviated from thecommunication area from the base station. Therefore, an effect can beobtained in that a communication breaking space for the portabletelephone conforming to the CDMA can be maintained.

In the communication breaking device 20 according to this embodiment,the electric-power amplifier 44 for transmitting the inverted codesequence as the communication breaking wave is so controlled as tointermittently transmit the communication breaking waves. Therefore, aperiod in which the transmission of the communication breaking wave isinterrupted can be created. As a result, the undesirable state can beprevented in which the communication breaking wave transmitted from thecommunication breaking device 20 inhibits extraction of the PN codesequence from the received incoming wave in the period in which thecommunication is interrupted. Therefore, the PN code sequence can againbe extracted in the above-mentioned period of interruption even afterthe PN code sequence has temporarily been extracted from the receivedincoming wave. As a result, the pilot signal can properly be compensatedwith the inverted code sequence corresponding to the position to whichthe portable telephone has been moved such that substantially no delayof the position occur. As a result, the portable telephone conforming tothe CDMA system cannot receive the pilot signal transmitted from thebase station through the pilot channel. Therefore, if the communicationbreaking device 20 has been moved, an effect can be obtained in that theportable telephone conforming to the CDMA system is able to maintain thecommunication breaking space at the position to which the communicationbreaking device 20 has been moved.

In this embodiment, the PN-code generator 38 and the delay correctingunit 40 serving as the phase control means are disposed in front of theinverted-code generator 41 which serves as the code sequence invertingmeans. The present invention is not limited to the foregoing structure.The delay correcting unit and so forth may be disposed in the rear ofthe inverted-code generator. Also in the foregoing case, an effectsimilar to that obtainable from the foregoing structure can be obtained.

This embodiment has the structure that one portable telephone receivesthe pilot signal wave from one base station. The present invention isnot limited to the foregoing structure. The present invention may beapplied to a case in which pilot signal waves transmitted from aplurality of base stations are received by one portable telephone and acase in which a plurality of the position waves transmitted from aplurality of base stations are received by a plurality of portabletelephones. In the foregoing case, different PN code sequencestransmitted from the plural base stations are received. When invertedcode sequences adaptable to the corresponding PN code sequences aretransmitted, corresponding communication breaking waves can betransmitted to the pilot signal waves transmitted from the plural basestations. Hence it follows that the portable telephone is enabled torecognize a fact that the portable telephone is located at a positiondeviated from the communication area from all of the base stations. Whenthe portable telephone can be called from a plurality of base stations,an effect can be obtained in that the portable telephone conforming tothe CDMA system is able to maintain the communication breaking space. Inthis embodiment, the velocity of the diffusion code or the width of thediffusion band is set to be 1.25 MHz or 10 MHz. The present inventionmay be applied to another values, for example, 5 MHz or 20 MHz. If aplurality of portable telephones correspond to different frequencybands, for example, 800 MHz, 1.5 GHz and 2.0 GHz, employment of amulti-band structure adaptable to the corresponding frequency bandsenables the communication breaking wave to be transmitted to each of theportable telephones. As a result, an effect similar to that obtainablefrom the foregoing embodiment can be obtained for each portabletelephone.

In the foregoing embodiment, the pilot signal wave is received from thebase station. The present invention is not limited to the foregoingstructure. The present invention may be applied to a case in which thesynchronized signal wave is received. In the foregoing case, the PN-codegenerator 38 and so forth of the communication breaking device 20 are sostructured as to transmit inverted code sequence adapted to thesynchronized code sequence. As a result, the synchronized signal wave isinterrupted with the communication breaking wave so that establishmentof the synchronization of the portable telephone is prevented.Therefore, an effect can be obtained in that the communication breakingspace can be maintained for the portable telephone conforming to theCDMA if the portable telephone is located in the communication area fromthe base station. Also the present invention may be applied to a casewhere a paging signal wave, an access signal wave or a conversationsignal wave is received. Moreover, the foregoing signal waves may beinterrupted with corresponding communication breaking waves in a steppedmanner in an order as the pilot signal wave, the synchronization signalwave, the paging signal wave (the access signal wave) and thecommunication signal wave in accordance with a state of interruption ofthe communication. Therefore, if interruption of the communication usingthe pilot signal wave fails, communication breaking waves aretransmitted which include the synchronization signal wave, the pagingsignal which (the access signal wave) and the communication signal waveand which sequentially interrupt the communication. Therefore, an effectcan be obtained in which the communication breaking space canfurthermore reliably be maintained for the portable telephone conformingto the CDMA system.

In this embodiment, the inverted code sequence adapted to the PN codesequence is transmitted to break the communication. The presentinvention is not limited to this. For example, an inverted code sequenceadaptable to a synthesized code may be transmitted to break thecommunication. Also in this case, a similar effect can be obtained.

According to the present invention, a code sequence extracted by a codesequence extracting means is inverted into an inverted code sequence bya code sequence inverting means. The advanced inverted code sequence is,as communication breaking wave, transmitted from a breaking-wavetransmitting means. Thus, the inverted code sequence, which istransmitted as the communication breaking wave, is formed into a codesequence inverted from a predetermined code sequence obtained bymodulating information about the contents of the communication.Moreover, the phase of the inverted code sequence has been advanced.Therefore, the predetermined code sequence, which is being propagated,can appropriately be compensated with substantially no delay of thephase owning to the advanced inverted code sequence. The receiving-sidecommunication apparatus is inhibited to demodulate the contents ofcommunication at the position at which a predetermined code sequenceobtained by modulating information about the contents of thecommunication. That is, a communication breaking device for modulatinginformation about the contents of communication with a code sequence isable to maintain a range in which communication is inhibited, that is, acommunication breaking space.

According to the present invention, the advancement is performed by thephase control means in a quantity corresponding to at least one code ofthe extracted code sequence or the inverted code sequence. Therefore,the inverted code sequence can be transmitted previously for a timecorresponding to the one code. If the phase is delayed owning to signalprocesses which are performed by the code sequence extracting means, thecode sequence inverting means, the phase control means and thebreaking-wave transmitting means, an influence of the delay can beeliminated in the foregoing period of time. A predetermined codesequence obtained by modulating information about the contents ofcommunication which is being propagated can appropriately be compensatedwith the inverted code sequence, the phase of which has been advanced ina quantity corresponding to at least one code. Therefore, thereceiving-side communication apparatus is inhibited to demodulate thecontents of the communication. That is, an effect can be obtained inthat a communication breaking space can be maintained for thecommunication apparatus for modulating information about the contents ofthe communication with the code sequence.

According to the present invention, the breaking-wave transmitting meansincorporates electric-power amplifying means which is capable ofarbitrarily control an amplification gain. Therefore, deviation of thephase can be complemented by converting change in the phase occurringdue to various factors into electric power. Hence it follows thatdeviation of the phase which is changed randomly can be absorbed. If thepropagation passage is complicated such that an indirect propagationpassage is included in addition to a direct propagation passage, apredetermined code sequence obtained by modulating information about thecontents of communication, which is being propagated, can appropriatelybe compensated with substantially no delay of the phase in such a manneras to correspond to change in the phase caused from the complicatedpropagation passage. If the propagation passage is complicated, thereceiving-side communication apparatus is inhibited to demodulate thecontents of the communication. That is, an effect can be obtained inthat a larger communication breaking space can be maintained for thecommunication apparatus for modulating information about the contents ofthe communication with a code sequence.

According to the present invention, the breaking-wave transmitting meansintermittently transmits the communication breaking wave. Therefore, aperiod of time in which transmission of the communication breaking waveis interrupted can be created. As a result, a fact that thecommunication breaking device cannot extract the predetermined codesequence from the received incoming wave owning to the communicationbreaking wave transmitted from the communication breaking device can beprevented in the foregoing period of time in which the transmission isinterrupted. Therefore, even after the predetermined code sequence hastemporarily been extracted from the received incoming wave, thepredetermined code sequence can again be extracted during the foregoinginterruption period of time. If the communication breaking device ismoved, appropriate compensation with substantially no delay of the phaseis permitted with the inverted code sequence corresponding to theposition at which a predetermined code sequence can be extracted fromthe received incoming wave, that is, the position to which thecommunication breaking device has been moved. Therefore, thereceiving-side communication apparatus is inhibited to demodulate thecontents of the communication. That is, an effect can be obtained inthat a communication breaking space can be maintained at the position towhich a communication apparatus for modulating information about thecontents of the communication with a code sequence has been moved.

According to the present invention, the incoming waves are transmittedfrom a plurality of the communication apparatuses. Therefore, theadvanced inverted code sequences are, as communication breaking wavescorresponding to the plural communication apparatuses, transmitted fromthe breaking-wave transmitting means. As a result, the predeterminedcode sequences which are transmitted from the plural communicationapparatuses can appropriately be compensated with the inverted codesequences corresponding to the plural communication apparatuses withsubstantially no delay of the phase. An effect can be obtained in that alarger communication breaking space can be obtained which receives apilot code sequence from a plurality of communication apparatuses andwhich modulates information about the contents of the communication witha code sequence.

A communication breaking method adapted to a communication method whichmodulates or demodulates information about contents of communicationwith a predetermined code sequence, the communication breaking methodaccording to the present invention comprising the step of: compensatingthe code sequence in an incoming wave by transmitting a communicationbreaking wave. The code sequence is compensated. Thus, demodulation ofinformation is inhibited so that communication is broken. According tothe foregoing communication breaking method, a communication breakingspace can be created in the vicinity of an intersection of a road or aninside portion of an automobile. Therefore, human life can be saved froma traffic accident caused from the portable telephone.

Although the invention has been disclosed in the context of a certainpreferred embodiments, it will be understood that the present inventionextends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to otheralternative embodiments of the invention. Thus, it is intended that thescope of the invention should not be limited by the disclosedembodiments but should be determined by reference to the claims thatfollow.

1. A communication breaking device for interrupting communication of acommunication apparatus which modulates or demodulates information beingcommunicated with a predetermined code sequence, said communicationbreaking device comprising: a code sequence extracting unit which isconfigured to extract the predetermined code sequence from a receivedincoming wave; a code sequence inverting unit which is configured toinvert the code sequence extracted by said code sequence extracting unitinto an inverted code sequence; a phase controller which is configuredto advance the phase of the extracted code sequence or that of theinverted code sequence in a quantity corresponding to at least one codeof the extracted code sequence or the inverted code sequence; and abreaking-wave transmitter configured to transmit the inverted codesequence having the advanced phase as a communicating breaking wave soas to obtain a communication breaking space.
 2. A communication breakingdevice according to claim 1, wherein said breaking-wave transmittercomprises electric-power amplifier which is capable of controlling anamplification gain.
 3. A communication breaking device according toclaim 1, wherein said breaking-wave transmitter comprises electric-poweramplifier which is capable of controlling an amplification gain.
 4. Acommunication breaking device according to claim 1, wherein saidbreaking-wave transmitter intermittently transmits the communicationbreaking wave.
 5. A communication breaking device according to claim 1,wherein said breaking-wave transmitter intermittently transmits thecommunication breaking wave.
 6. A communication breaking deviceaccording to claim 2, wherein said breaking-wave transmitterintermittently transmits the communication breaking wave.
 7. Acommunication breaking device according to claim 1, wherein the incomingwaves are transmitted from a plurality of the communication apparatuses.8. A communication breaking device according to claim 1, wherein theincoming waves are transmitted from a plurality of the communicationapparatuses.
 9. A communication breaking device according to claim 1,wherein the incoming waves are transmitted from a plurality of thecommunication apparatuses.
 10. A communication breaking device accordingto claim 3, wherein the incoming waves are transmitted from a pluralityof the communication apparatuses.
 11. A communication breaking deviceaccording to claim 1, wherein the communication breaking device isconstructed and arranged to operate with a portable telephone system.12. A communication breaking device according to claim 1, wherein thecommunication breaking device is constructed and arranged to operatewith a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system.
 13. communicationbreaking device for interrupting communication of a communicationapparatus which modulates or demodulates information being communicatedwith a predetermined code sequence, said communication breaking devicecomprising: code sequence extracting means for extracting thepredetermined code sequence from a received incoming wave; code sequenceinverting means for inverting the code sequence extracted by said codesequence extracting means into an inverted code sequence; phase controlmeans for advancing the phase of the extracted code sequence or that ofthe inverted code sequence in a quantity corresponding to at least onecode of the extracted code sequence or the inverted code sequence; andbreaking-wave transmitting means for transmitting the inverted codesequence having the advanced phase as a communicating breaking wave soas to obtain a communication breaking space.